Chapter 8अक्षरब्रह्मयोगःAkshara Brahma Yoga
About this chapter
Seven questions and their answers (8.1–8.4). Arjuna: what are Brahman, adhyatma, karma, adhibhuta and adhidaiva; who is the adhiyajna and how; and how are you known at the time of death (8.1–8.2)? Krishna: Brahman is the supreme imperishable; one's own nature is adhyatma; the offering (visarga) that brings beings into existence is karma (8.3); perishable existence is adhibhuta; the Purusha is adhidaiva; I am the adhiyajna in this body (8.4).
The final remembrance (8.5–8.7). One who departs remembering me at the last hour attains my state (8.5); whatever state one remembers while leaving the body, that is what one attains — because the mind was always steeped in it (8.6); therefore remember me at all times and fight (8.7).
Three kinds of worship (8.8–8.16). Meditation on the supreme divine Person through the yoga of practice (8.8); the seer, the ancient, the ruler… beyond darkness (8.9); at the time of death, with an unmoving mind, devotion, the strength of yoga, prana between the eyebrows (8.10); the imperishable goal (8.11); the gates closed, the mind in the heart, prana at the crown of the head (8.12); Om and remembrance (8.13); to one whose mind turns to nothing else, I am easy to reach (8.14); having attained me, there is no rebirth (8.15); everyone up to Brahmaloka returns (8.16).
The cycle of the cosmos (8.17–8.22). Brahma's day and night — a thousand yugas each (8.17); creation in the day, dissolution in the night (8.18); beings, helpless, again and again (8.19); beyond that unmanifest, the eternal unmanifest (8.20); that is the imperishable, the supreme goal, my supreme abode (8.21); the supreme Person is reached through undivided devotion (8.22).
The two paths (8.23–8.28). In which "time" (path) those who depart return, and in which they do not (8.23); fire, light, day, the bright fortnight, the northern course of the sun — towards Brahman (8.24); smoke, night, the dark fortnight, the southern course — coming back (8.25); the two eternal paths (8.26); one who knows does not fall into delusion — be steadfast in yoga at all times (8.27); knowing this, the yogi goes beyond all fruits of merit and attains the supreme, primal abode (8.28).
AI-assisted draft translation — under review.
28 shlokas
- 8.1किं तद् ब्रह्म किमध्यात्मं किं कर्म पुरुषोत्तमArjuna said: O Purushottama, what is that Brahman? What is adhyatma? What is karma? What is called adhibhuta, and what…
- 8.2अधियज्ञः कथं कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन् मधुसूदनO Madhusudana, who is the adhiyajna in this body, and how is he (the adhiyajna)? And how do the self-controlled know…
- 8.3अक्षरं ब्रह्म परमं स्वभावोऽध्यात्ममुच्यतेThe Blessed Lord said: Brahman is the supreme imperishable (akshara); one's own nature is called adhyatma; and the…
- 8.4अधिभूतं क्षरो भावः पुरुषश्चाधिदैवतम्O best of the embodied, perishable existence is the adhibhuta; the Purusha is the adhidaiva; and in this body, I myself…
- 8.5अन्तकाले च मामेव स्मरन् मुक्त्वा कलेवरम्And whoever, at the final hour, leaves the body remembering me alone, attains my state — of this there is no doubt.
- 8.6यं यं वाऽपि स्मरन् भावं त्यजत्यन्ते कलेवरम्O Kaunteya, whatever state a person remembers at the end while leaving the body, that very state he attains — because…
- 8.7तस्मात् सर्वेषु कालेषु मामनुस्मर युध्य चTherefore remember me at all times and fight (do your duty); with mind and intellect offered to me, you will without…
- 8.8अभ्यासयोगयुक्तेन चेतसा नान्यगामिनाO Partha, with a mind joined to the yoga of practice and not straying elsewhere, constantly contemplating, (the seeker)…
- 8.9कविं पुराणम् अनुशासितारम्One who remembers that (Person) — all-knowing, ancient, the ruler of all, subtler than the subtlest atom, the sustainer…
- 8.10प्रयाणकाले मनसाऽचलेन(Together with 8.9) — at the time of death, with an unmoving mind, endowed with devotion and the strength of yoga…
- 8.11यदक्षरं वेदविदो वदन्तिThat which the knowers of the Veda call the 'imperishable', which ascetics free from attachment enter, and desiring…
- 8.12सर्वद्वाराणि संयम्य मनो हृदि निरुध्य चRestraining all the gates (of the senses), confining the mind in the heart, placing one's prana at the murdha (the…
- 8.13ओमित्येकाक्षरं ब्रह्म व्याहरन् मामनुस्मरन्(Together with 8.12) — whoever departs, leaving the body while uttering 'Om', this single syllable that is Brahman, and…
- 8.14अनन्यचेताः सततं यो मां स्मरति नित्यशःO Partha, whoever remembers me constantly, throughout life, with a mind turned to nothing else — for that ever-united…
- 8.15मामुपेत्य पुनर्जन्म दुःखालयमशाश्वतम्Having attained me, great souls who have reached the highest perfection do not again take birth, which is the home of…
- 8.16आब्रह्मभुवनाल्लोकाः पुनरावर्तिनोऽर्जुनO Arjuna, all worlds up to Brahmaloka are subject to return; but, O Kaunteya, having attained me there is no rebirth.
- 8.17सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तमहर्यद् ब्रह्मणो विदुःThose who know that a day of Brahma lasts a thousand yugas, and that his night too lasts a thousand yugas — they alone…
- 8.18अव्यक्ताद् व्यक्तयः सर्वाः प्रभवन्त्यहरागमेAt the coming of (Brahma's) day, all manifest things (beings and objects) emerge from the unmanifest, and at the coming…
- 8.19भूतग्रामः स एवायं भूत्वा भूत्वा प्रलीयतेO Partha, this very same multitude of beings, coming into being again and again, dissolves at the coming of night, and…
- 8.20परस्तस्मात् तु भावोऽन्योऽव्यक्तोऽव्यक्तात् सनातनःBut beyond that unmanifest there is another, eternal unmanifest reality, which does not perish even when all beings…
- 8.21अव्यक्तोऽक्षर इत्युक्तस्तमाहुः परमां गतिम्That which is called unmanifest and imperishable is said to be the supreme goal; having reached it, (beings) do not…
- 8.22पुरुषः स परः पार्थ भक्त्या लभ्यस्त्वनन्ययाO Partha, that supreme Person — within whom all beings dwell, and by whom this whole world is pervaded — is reached…
- 8.23यत्र काले त्वनावृत्तिमावृत्तिं चैव योगिनःO best of the Bharatas, I shall tell you the 'time' (path) in which yogis who leave the body go never to return, and…
- 8.24अग्निर्ज्योतिरहः शुक्लः षण्मासा उत्तरायणम्Fire, light, day, the bright fortnight, and the six months of the sun's northern course — the knowers of Brahman who go…
- 8.25धूमो रात्रिस्तथा कृष्णः षण्मासा दक्षिणायनम्Smoke, night, the dark fortnight, and the six months of the sun's southern course — by that path the yogi (of works)…
- 8.26शुक्लकृष्णे गती ह्येते जगतः शाश्वते मतेThese two paths of the world — the bright and the dark — are held to be eternal; by one, (the jiva) goes never to…
- 8.27नैते सृती पार्थ जानन् योगी मुह्यति कश्चनO Partha, no yogi who knows these two paths falls into delusion; therefore, O Arjuna, be steadfast in yoga at all times.
- 8.28वेदेषु यज्ञेषु तपःसु चैवWhatever fruit of merit is declared for the Vedas, for yajnas, for austerities and for gifts — knowing this (teaching)…