श्रीमद्भगवद्गीताShrimad Bhagavad Gita 📖 Read as a flipbook

Bhagavad Gita · Akshara Brahma YogaChapter 8, Shloka 20 (8.20)

Original Sanskrit · श्रीभगवान्

परस्तस्मात् तु भावोऽन्योऽव्यक्तोऽव्यक्तात् सनातनः
यः स सर्वेषु भूतेषु नश्यत्सु न विनश्यति
॥ 8.20 ॥

parastasmāt tu bhāvo'nyo'vyakto'vyaktāt sanātanaḥ
yaḥ sa sarveṣu bhūteṣu naśyatsu na vinaśyati

Translation

"But beyond that unmanifest there is another, eternal unmanifest reality, which does not perish even when all beings perish."

Interpretation

Two unmanifests. The first — the seed of creation and dissolution (which changes); the second — eternal, which never changes.

Shankaracharya. Tu-śabdaḥ akṣarasya vivakṣitasya avyaktāt vailakṣaṇya-viśeṣaṇārthaḥ — "tu" (but) is there to show that the akshara is different from the first unmanifest; bhāvaḥ akṣarākhyaṃ paraṃ brahma — this reality is the supreme Brahman called akshara; the first unmanifest is bhūta-grāma-bīja-bhūtāt avidyā-lakṣaṇāt — the seed of the multitude of beings, of the nature of ignorance; sanātanaḥ … sarveṣu bhūteṣu brahmādiṣu naśyatsu na vinaśyati.

Acharya Ramanuja — the pure self. Tasmād avyaktād acetana-prakṛti-rūpāt puruṣārthatayā para utkṛṣṭo bhāvaḥ anyo jñānaikākāratayā tasmād visajātīyaḥ — higher than that unmanifest, which is non-conscious prakriti, as a goal of human life, and of a different kind from it because its sole form is knowledge; avyaktaḥ kenacit pramāṇena na vyajyata iti … sva-saṃvedyāsādhāraṇākāraḥ — it is not revealed by any means of knowledge, it is known only by one's own experience; tatra tatra sthito api na vinaśyati — though dwelling in beings, it does not perish.

The difference: Shankara — the supreme Brahman; Ramanuja — the pure individual self freed from prakriti (the goal of the seeker of kaivalya).

AI-assisted draft translation — under review.

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