Bhagavad Gita · Jnana Karma Sannyasa YogaChapter 4, Shloka 28 (4.28)
Original Sanskrit · श्रीभगवान्
द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथाऽपरे
स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः
॥ 4.28 ॥
dravyayajñāstapoyajñā yogayajñāstathā'pare
svādhyāyajñānayajñāśca yatayaḥ saṃśitavratāḥ
Translation
"Some perform the yajña of material things, some the yajña of austerity, some the yajña of yoga; and some striving people of firm vows perform the yajña of self-study and knowledge."
Interpretation
Five yajñas.
- Dravya-yajña — Shankaracharya: tīrtheṣu dravya-viniyogaṃ yajña-buddhyā — giving wealth at places of pilgrimage in the spirit of yajña; Ramanuja: nyāyato dravyāṇi ādāya — worship of the gods, charity, sacrifice and offerings with materials acquired rightfully (honestly).
- Tapo-yajña — Ramanuja: kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇopavāsādiṣu — vows such as kṛcchra, chandrayana, fasting and so on.
- Yoga-yajña — two readings (above).
- Svādhyāya-yajña — Shankaracharya: yathā-vidhi ṛg-ādy-abhyāsaḥ — recitation of the Vedas according to rule; Ramanuja: svādhyāyābhyāsa-parāḥ (devoted to the practice of self-study).
- Jñāna-yajña — Shankaracharya: śāstrārtha-parijñānam — full knowledge of the meaning of scripture; Ramanuja: tad-artha-jñānābhyāsa-parāḥ — the practice of knowing its meaning.
"Saṃśita-vrata": Shankaracharya — samyak śitāni tanūkṛtāni tīkṣṇīkṛtāni vratāni yeṣām — those whose vows are well sharpened, keen-edged; Ramanuja — dṛḍha-saṅkalpāḥ (of firm resolve).
AI-assisted draft translation — under review.