श्रीमद्भगवद्गीताShrimad Bhagavad Gita 📖 Read as a flipbook

Bhagavad Gita · Arjuna Vishada YogaChapter 1, Shloka 15 (1.15)

Original Sanskrit · सञ्जयः

पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो देवदत्तं धनञ्जयः
पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं भीमकर्मा वृकोदरः
॥ 1.15 ॥

pāñcajanyaṃ hṛṣīkeśo devadattaṃ dhanañjayaḥ
pauṇḍraṃ dadhmau mahāśaṅkhaṃ bhīmakarmā vṛkodaraḥ

Translation

"Hrishikesha (Krishna) blew the conch Panchajanya, Dhananjaya (Arjuna) blew Devadatta, and Vrikodara (Bhima), doer of terrible deeds, blew the great conch named Paundra."

Interpretation

Why the names of the conches? Madhusudana Sarasvati makes a sharp point: the conches of the Pandava side are famous by their own names — Panchajanya, Devadatta, Paundra, Anantavijaya, Sughosha, Manipushpaka — "but in your (Dhritarashtra's) army not a single conch is famous by name." This detail of Sanjaya's is one way of showing the superiority of the Pandava side. Remember, Sanjaya is Dhritarashtra's own charioteer — yet he tells the truth.

Every name a message — according to Madhusudana:

  • Hṛṣīkeśa (Krishna): "lord of the senses" — Madhusudana: this name shows that the Ishvara who is the inner controller of all is the Pandavas' helper. In the Gita this name for Krishna comes up many times — especially when the subject is the mind and senses.
  • Dhanañjaya (Arjuna): "winner of wealth" — Madhusudana: at the time of the Rajasuya, in his conquest of the quarters, Arjuna defeated all the kings and brought back wealth, hence this name; the meaning — "he is invincible in every way."
  • Bhīmakarmā Vṛkodara (Bhima): "doer of terrible deeds" — Madhusudana gives the example of deeds like the slaying of Hidimba. "Vrikodara" — wolf-bellied, that is, one who digests a great deal of food and is immensely strong.

The names of the conches: Pāñcajanya — according to a famous story of the Puranas, Krishna obtained this conch by defeating an asura named Panchajana (this story is not in the shloka or the commentary; so see the source note). Devadatta — the literal meaning of the name is "given by the gods". Pauṇḍra — Bhima's huge conch (mahāśaṅkha).

Krishna's conch — but no weapon. According to the Mahabharata, Krishna had promised not to take up weapons in this war. Still he blows his conch — a sign not of becoming a combatant, but of being Arjuna's charioteer and companion.

AI-assisted draft translation — under review.

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