Bhagavad Gita · Arjuna Vishada YogaChapter 1, Shloka 2 (1.2)

"Drishtva tu" — having seen. Duryodhana's first action is seeing. He sees the Pandava army arrayed in formation — and immediately goes to his teacher. Had he been fully at ease, he might have gone straight to his commander Bhishma, or encouraged his soldiers. But he goes to Drona. Many commentators and teachers see Duryodhana's restlessness in this small detail. Ramanuja, in his brief summary of the story, says that on seeing both armies Duryodhana told the teacher of the strength of the Pandava army and the weakness of his own, and inwardly fell into vishada (sorrow). Notice — in the Gita, despair first arises in Duryodhana's mind, and only later in Arjuna's. The two despairs are of very different kinds.

"Rājā" — the king. Sanjaya calls Duryodhana "king". Duryodhana was in fact running the rule of Hastinapura (in Dhritarashtra's name). Sanjaya's word is factual — and perhaps also reminds Dhritarashtra who the real decision-maker is.

"Ācāryam upasaṅgamya" — approaching the teacher. Drona was the teacher of both sides — of the Kauravas as well as the Pandavas. Dhrishtadyumna, commander of the Pandava army, was also his disciple. Read carefully, Duryodhana's going to Drona, and what he says in the next shloka, suggest that he wanted less to seek his teacher's advice and more to provoke him.

"Vyūḍham" — the army drawn up in formation. The Pandava army was in a well-ordered battle formation. It is the sight of the army's arrangement that stirs unrest in Duryodhana's mind.