Bhagavad Gita · Kshetra Kshetrajna Vibhaga YogaChapter 13, Shloka 22 (13.22)
Original Sanskrit · श्रीभगवान्
उपद्रष्टाऽनुमन्ता च भर्ता भोक्ता महेश्वरः
परमात्मेति चाप्युक्तो देहेऽस्मिन् पुरुषः परः
॥ 13.22 ॥
upadraṣṭā'numantā ca bhartā bhoktā maheśvaraḥ
paramātmeti cāpyukto dehe'smin puruṣaḥ paraḥ
Translation
"The supreme Person in this body is called the witness (upadrashta), the one who consents (anumanta), the sustainer, the experiencer, the Great Lord (Maheshvara) and the Supreme Self (Paramatma)."
Interpretation
Shankaracharya — the Supreme Self. upadraṣṭā samīpasthaḥ san draṣṭā svayam avyāpṛtaḥ — the one who stands near and watches, not himself engaged in the work; the analogy: yathā ṛtvigyajamāneṣu yajñakarmavyāpṛteṣu taṭasthaḥ anyaḥ avyāpṛtaḥ yajñavidyākuśalaḥ … īkṣitā — like an overseer skilled in the science of sacrifice, standing aside near the priests and the patron who are busy with the yajna.
Acharya Ramanuja — the individual self. asmin dehe avasthito ayaṃ puruṣo dehapravṛttyanuguṇasaṃkalpādirūpeṇa dehasya upadraṣṭā anumantā ca bhavati — this purusha (the individual soul) dwelling in this body is its witness and consenter, through intentions that accord with the body's activity; dehasya bhartā … bhoktā ca — the sustainer of the body, the experiencer of pleasure and pain; dehaniyamanena dehabharaṇena dehaśeṣitvena ca — being the controller, nourisher and owner of the body, it is "Maheshvara" (in relation to the body).
AI-assisted draft translation — under review.