Bhagavad Gita · Sankhya YogaChapter 2, Shloka 1 (2.1)

Three words, one picture. Sanjaya describes Arjuna's state with three adjectives: kṛpayāviṣṭam (overcome by pity), aśru-pūrṇākulekṣaṇam (troubled eyes full of tears), viṣīdantam (sinking). The first word repeats 1.28 — the same "kripaya aavishta". The second is new — the first clear description of tears. Shridhara: aśrubhiḥ pūrṇe ākule īkṣaṇe yasya tam — he whose two eyes are full of tears and troubled.

The tears of a great warrior. The Gita does not hide its hero's weakness. Arjuna is weeping — and Sanjaya says so plainly. This shows that the Gita's teaching is not for some "ideal, strong" person, but for a broken human being.

"Madhusūdana" — the choice of this name. Here Sanjaya calls Krishna "Madhusudana" — the slayer of the asura named Madhu. Many teachers see a hint in this: he who slays the demon outside will now remove the "demon" inside Arjuna — grief and delusion. This is a symbolic reading, not the literal meaning of the shloka.

Krishna's turn. In the first chapter Krishna had only one sentence (1.25). Now he "speaks these words" — and from here the Gita's teaching begins.