Bhagavad Gita · Karma Sannyasa YogaChapter 5, Shloka 24 (5.24)
Original Sanskrit · श्रीभगवान्
योऽन्तःसुखोऽन्तरारामस्तथाऽन्तर्ज्योतिरेव यः
स योगी ब्रह्मनिर्वाणं ब्रह्मभूतोऽधिगच्छति
॥ 5.24 ॥
yo'ntaḥsukho'ntarārāmastathā'ntarjyotireva yaḥ
sa yogī brahmanirvāṇaṃ brahmabhūto'dhigacchati
Translation
"One who finds happiness within, delights within, and whose light is within — that yogi, having become Brahman, attains brahma-nirvana."
Interpretation
Three times "within". Happiness within, play (ārāma) within, light within — all three outer dependencies (objects for happiness, company for entertainment, outer light for understanding) are fulfilled from within.
Shankaracharya. Antaḥ ātmani sukhaṃ yasya — happiness in the self; antar eva ātmani ārāmaḥ āramaṇaṃ krīḍā yasya — play in the self alone; antar eva ātmany eva jyotiḥ prakāśo yasya — the self alone as light. Brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahmaṇi nirvṛtiṃ mokṣam iha jīvann eva brahma-bhūtaḥ san adhigacchati — having become Brahman, attains repose in Brahman, moksha, while still alive.
Acharya Ramanuja. Bāhya-viṣayānubhavaṃ sarvaṃ vihāya antaḥ-sukhaḥ ātmānubhavaika-sukhaḥ — giving up outer experience, with the happiness of experiencing the self alone; antar-ārāmaḥ … sva-guṇaiḥ ātmā eva sukha-vardhako yasya — one whose happiness is increased by the self itself through its own qualities; antar-jyotiḥ ātmaika-jñānaḥ. That brahma-bhūtaḥ yogi brahma-nirvāṇam ātmānubhava-sukhaṃ prāpnoti.
The difference: "Brahma-nirvana" — Shankara: moksha in Brahman (liberation while living); Ramanuja: the happiness of experiencing the self. "Brahma-bhūta" — Shankara: become Brahman; Ramanuja: the self established in its pure nature.
AI-assisted draft translation — under review.