Bhagavad Gita · Dhyana Yoga (Atma-samyama Yoga)Chapter 6, Shloka 35 (6.35)
Original Sanskrit · श्रीभगवान्
श्रीभगवानुवाच
असंशयं महाबाहो मनो दुर्निग्रहं चलम्
अभ्यासेन तु कौन्तेय वैराग्येण च गृह्यते
॥ 6.35 ॥
asaṃśayaṃ mahābāho mano durnigrahaṃ calam
abhyāsena tu kaunteya vairāgyeṇa ca gṛhyate
Translation
"The Blessed Lord said: O mighty-armed one, no doubt the mind is restless and hard to restrain; but, O Kaunteya, it is brought under control by practice and dispassion."
Interpretation
Agreement first. Krishna does not say "no, the mind is easy". Asaṃśayam — you are right. The mark of a good teacher.
Shankaracharya — definitions.
- Abhyāso nāma citta-bhūmau kasyāṃcit samāna-pratyayāvṛttiḥ cittasya — practice = the repeated recurrence of the same thought on some one ground (object) of the mind.
- Vairāgyaṃ nāma dṛṣṭādṛṣṭeṣṭa-bhogeṣu doṣa-darśanābhyāsāt vaitṛṣṇyam — dispassion = the fading of craving for the pleasures of this world and the next through the practice of seeing their faults.
- Tena ca vairāgyeṇa gṛhyate vikṣepa-rūpaḥ pracāraḥ cittasya — dispassion catches hold of the mind's wandering.
Acharya Ramanuja — pull and push. Ātmano guṇākaratvābhyāsa-janitābhimukhyena — the inclination (pull) towards the self that comes from the practice of seeing the self as a mine of good qualities; ātma-vyatirikteṣu viṣayeṣu api doṣākaratva-darśana-janita-vaitṛṣṇyena ca — and the freedom from craving (push) that comes from seeing objects other than the self as a mine of faults; kathañcid gṛhyate — it is somehow brought under control.
The difference: Shankara's practice — the recurrence of one thought (a method); Ramanuja's practice — contemplating the qualities of the self (love). Ramanuja's kathañcit ("somehow") is honest: not easy, but possible.
AI-assisted draft translation — under review.