Bhagavad Gita · Akshara Brahma YogaAdhyaay 8, Shloka 3 (8.3)
Mool Sanskrit · श्रीभगवान्
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अक्षरं ब्रह्म परमं स्वभावोऽध्यात्ममुच्यते
भूतभावोद्भवकरो विसर्गः कर्मसंज्ञितः
॥ 8.3 ॥
akṣaraṃ brahma paramaṃ svabhāvo'dhyātmamucyate
bhūtabhāvodbhavakaro visargaḥ karmasaṃjñitaḥ
Anuvaad
"Shri Bhagavan bole: Param akshar (avinaashi) brahm hai; svabhaav adhyaatm kaha jaata hai; aur praaniyon ke bhaavon ko utpann karne wala visarg 'karm' kahlaata hai."
Bhaavaarth
Teen paribhashaayein — do bilkul alag pathan.
Shankaracharya.
- Brahm: akṣaraṃ na kṣaratīti akṣaraṃ paramātmā — jo nasht na ho, woh param aatma; pramaan Brihadaranyak 3.8.9: etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi. "Akshar" yahan Om nahin, kyonki Om ko 8.13 alag se kehta hai; aur "paramam" visheshan niratishay brahm par hi theek baithta hai.
- Adhyaatm: tasyaiva parasya brahmaṇaḥ pratidehaṃ pratyag-ātma-bhāvaḥ svabhāvaḥ — usi param brahm ka har sharir mein pratyag-aatma ke roop mein hona — "svabhaav".
- Karm: visargaḥ visarjanaṃ devatoddeśena caru-puroḍāśādeḥ dravyasya parityāgaḥ — devta ke uddeshya se charu, purodaash aadi dravya ka tyaag (yagya); etasmāt hi bīja-bhūtāt vṛṣṭy-ādi-krameṇa sthāvara-jaṅgamāni bhūtāni udbhavanti — isi beej se varsha aadi ke kram se sab praani utpann hote hain (3.14 jaisa).
Aacharya Ramanuja.
- Brahm / akshar: akṣaraṃ kṣetrajñaṃ samaṣṭi-rūpam — jeevatmaaon ka samashti-roop; paramam akṣaraṃ prakṛti-vinirmuktātma-svarūpam — prakriti se mukt aatma-svaroop (kaivalyaarthi ka lakshya). Pramaan Subala 2.
- Adhyaatm: svabhāvaḥ prakṛtiḥ anātma-bhūtam ātmani saṃbaddhyamānaṃ bhūta-sūkṣma-tad-vāsanādikam — aatma se judi par anaatma prakriti — sookshm bhoot aur unki vaasana.
- Karm: bhūta-bhāvo manuṣyādi-bhāvaḥ tad-udbhava-karo yo visargaḥ … yoṣit-saṃbandhajaḥ — manushya aadi ka janm karaane wala, stri-purush sambandh se hone wala visarg (Chhandogya 5.3.3 ki panchaagni-vidya); yeh udvejanīyatayā pariharaṇīyatayā ca mumukṣubhiḥ jñātavyam — mumukshu ke liye virakti aur tyaag ke vishay roop mein jaanne yogya (8.11 brahmacaryaṃ caranti).
Antar (kendriya): Shankara — brahm = Paramaatma, adhyaatm = har deh mein wahi, karm = yagya; Ramanuja — akshar = shuddh jeevatma, adhyaatm = prakriti (tyaajya), karm = janm-chakra ka kaaran.