Bhagavad Gita · Arjuna Vishada YogaAdhyaay 1, Shloka 28 (1.28)

"Kṛpayā parayāviṣṭaḥ" — gehri karuna se ghire hue. Arjuna ki pehli bhaavna kripa hai — karuna, daya. Gussa nahin, dar nahin. Yeh dhyaan dene laayak hai: Gita Arjuna ke vishaad ko kayarta se nahin, karuna se shuru karti hai. Madhusudana Sarasvati kehte hain ki yeh karuna Arjuna mein svatah-siddh thi — kisi baahari kaaran se nahin aayi, unke apne svabhaav se uthi. "Para" (param, atyant) visheshan isi ko prakat karta hai.

Madhusudana ka ek aur pathan — "aparayā". Bina space ke likhe paath mein kṛpayāparayāviṣṭaḥ ko "kṛpayā aparayā āviṣṭaḥ" bhi padha ja sakta hai — "ek aur karuna se". Madhusudana yeh vikalp dete hain: apni sena ke prati karuna to pehle se thi; is samay Kaurav sena ke prati bhi ek aur karuna jaag uthi. Hamara base paath space aur avagraha ke saath parayā padhta hai; doosra pathan tika ka sundar vikalp hai.

"Āviṣṭa" — jaise koi bhaavna "andar ghus" gayi ho. Shabd ka bhaav aisa hai jaise Arjuna karuna ke vash mein hain, karuna unke vash mein nahin. Kai shikshak isme ek sookshm sanket dekhte hain: karuna achchhi hai, lekin jab woh vivek ko dhak de, to woh moha ban sakti hai. Gita aage Krishna ke mukh se (2.1 mein Sanjaya, aur 2.2–2.3 mein Krishna) is sthiti ko kaśmala (man ka mail/moh) aur hṛdaya-daurbalya kahegi.

"Viṣīdan" — doobte hue. Vi + sad — "neeche baith jaana, doob jaana". Yahi vishaad shabd ka mool hai. Shridhara: viśeṣeṇa sīdan, avasādaṃ glāniṃ labhamānaḥ — "vishesh roop se doobte hue, thakaan aur glaani paate hue."

Arjuna ke pehle shabd vishaad mein — "dṛṣṭvemaṃ svajanam". "In apne logon ko dekhkar." Ab yeh "Duryodhana ke samarthak" (1.23) nahin — svajana, apne log. Ek hi samooh, do shabd — aur do bilkul alag duniya.