Bhagavad Gita · Arjuna Vishada YogaAdhyaay 1, Shloka 39 (1.39)
Mool Sanskrit · अर्जुनः
कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान् निवर्तितुम्
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन
॥ 1.39 ॥
kathaṃ na jñeyamasmābhiḥ pāpādasmān nivartitum
kulakṣayakṛtaṃ doṣaṃ prapaśyadbhirjanārdana
Anuvaad
"…to he Janardana! Kul-naash se hone wale dosh ko saaf dekhte hue bhi, hum is paap se peechhe hatna kyon na samjhein?"
Bhaavaarth
"Na paśyanti" vs "prapaśyadbhiḥ" — andhapan aur drishti. Arjuna apne aur Kauravon ke beech ek naitik rekha kheenchte hain: ve laalach mein andhe hain, hum dekh rahe hain. Aur jo dekh raha hai, uska kartavya hai peechhe hatna. Shridhara: nivṛttāv eva buddhiḥ kartavyā — "nivritti (peechhe hatne) mein hi buddhi lagaani chahiye."
Madhusudana ki shanka — "kshatriya chunauti se nahin lautta". Madhusudana ek majboot pratipaksh rakhte hain: shaastra kehta hai "āhūto na nivarteta dyūtād api raṇād api" — "bulaaya jaaye to kshatriya juaa aur yuddh se bhi nahin lautta"; kshatriya ka yuddh dharma hai, aur yuddh se praapt dhan dharmik hai. Pandavon ko yuddh ke liye bulaaya gaya hai. To lautna kaise uchit?
Madhusudana ka uttar (Arjuna ki or se) — Mimamsa ka gehra tark. Kisi karm mein pravritti tab hoti hai jab use shreya ka saadhan jaana jaaye; aur shreya woh hai jiske baad ashreya (haani) na aaye. Agar aisa na ho, to shyena yag (ek Vaidik abhichaar-karm jo shatru ko nasht karne ke liye tha) bhi dharma ho jaata. Madhusudana uddhrit karte hain: "jo karm phal mein bhi anarth se na jude, aur keval prasannata ka kaaran ho, use dharma kehte hain." Isliye — shaastra mein varnit hone par bhi, shyena ki tarah, yeh yuddh (jisme bandhu-vadh ka anarth hai) hamare liye uchit nahin.
Yeh tark dikhata hai ki Arjuna ka paksh kitna gambhir aur shaastra-sammat ho sakta hai. Gita ka uttar ise halke mein nahin le sakta — aur nahin leta.
"Janārdana" — phir se. Arjuna Krishna ko phir "Janardana" kehte hain — jaise baar-baar unse sahamati chah rahe hon.