Bhagavad Gita · Arjuna Vishada YogaAdhyaay 1, Shloka 8 (1.8)
Mool Sanskrit · दुर्योधनः
भवान् भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिञ्जयः
अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च
॥ 1.8 ॥
bhavān bhīṣmaśca karṇaśca kṛpaśca samitiñjayaḥ
aśvatthāmā vikarṇaśca saumadattistathaiva ca
Anuvaad
"(Hamare pramukh yoddha hain:) Aap (Drona) aur Bhishma, Karna, aur yuddh-vijayi Kripa; Ashvatthama, Vikarna aur Somadatta ke putra (Bhurishrava) bhi."
Bhaavaarth
Soochi ka kram — "bhavān" sabse pehle. Duryodhana apni sena ke pradhan senapati Bhishma ka naam pehle nahin leta — woh pehle kehta hai bhavān, "aap" — yaani Drona. Madhusudana Sarasvati ise jaan-boojhkar ki gayi baat maante hain: aacharya ko prasann karne ke liye unhe Bhishma se pehle gina gaya.
Kripa ke saath "samitiñjaya" kyun? Madhusudana ek manovaigyanik-si baat kehte hain: Kripa ka naam Karna ke baad liya gaya. Kahin Kripa ko yeh bura na lage, isliye unke saath "yuddh-vijayi" visheshan jod diya gaya — taaki unka maan bana rahe.
Ashvatthama, Vikarna se pehle. Vikarna Duryodhana ka apna chhota bhai tha. Phir bhi Drona ke putra Ashvatthama ka naam pehle aata hai. Madhusudana ke anusaar yeh bhi aacharya ke santosh ke liye — guru ke bete ko apne bhai se pehle sammaan.
Yaani yeh soochi sirf "kaun-kaun hai" nahin batati; yeh dikhati hai ki Duryodhana har naam ko rajneetik soojh-boojh se rakh raha hai — Drona ko khush rakhna uski praathmikta hai.
Naam aur pehchaan:
- Bhishma: Kuru vansh ke sabse vriddh, Kaurav sena ke pradhan senapati.
- Karna: Kunti ke pehle putra (yeh rahasya is samay sabko pata nahin tha), Duryodhana ke sabse ghanisht mitra. Ek mahatvapoorn tathya: Mahabharata ke anusaar Karna ne pratigya ki thi ki jab tak Bhishma senapati hain, woh yuddh nahin karega; woh Bhishma ke girne ke baad yuddh mein utra. Phir bhi Duryodhana use apne pramukh yoddhaon mein ginta hai.
- Kripa (Kripacharya): Kuru rajkumaron ke pehle shastra-guru; Ashvatthama ke mama.
- Ashvatthama: Drona ke ekmaatra putra.
- Vikarna: Duryodhana ka chhota bhai. Mahabharata mein dyut-sabha mein Draupadi ke apmaan ka virodh karne wale gine-chune Kauravon mein woh bhi the.
- Saumadatti (Bhurishrava): Somadatta ke putra. Madhusudana: saumadattiḥ somadattasya putraḥ … bhūriśravāḥ.
Ek paath-bhed (textual variant): Madhusudana Sarasvati darj karte hain ki kahin-kahin (kvacit pāṭhaḥ) is shloka ka antim charan "सिन्धुराजस्तथैव च" — "aur Sindhu-raja (Jayadratha) bhi" — padha jaata hai, "सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च" ke sthaan par. Hamara base paath aur doosra swatantra paath dono "saumadattiḥ" padhte hain; hum wahi rakhte hain, lekin yeh paath-bhed paathakon ko batana uchit hai.