Bhagavad Gita · Purushottama YogaAdhyaay 15, Shloka 1 (15.1)
Mool Sanskrit · श्रीभगवान्
श्रीभगवानुवाच
ऊर्ध्वमूलमधःशाखमश्वत्थं प्राहुरव्ययम्
छन्दांसि यस्य पर्णानि यस्तं वेद स वेदवित्
॥ 15.1 ॥
ūrdhvamūlamadhaḥśākhamaśvatthaṃ prāhuravyayam
chandāṃsi yasya parṇāni yastaṃ veda sa vedavit
Anuvaad
Shri Bhagavan ne kaha: "Jiski jad upar hai aur shaakhaayein neeche, us ashvattha (peepal) ko avyay kehte hain; Ved jiske patte hain — jo use jaanta hai, wahi Ved ko jaanta hai."
Bhaavaarth
Shankaracharya. ūrdhvamūlaṃ kālataḥ sūkṣmatvāt kāraṇatvāt nityatvāt mahattvāc ca ūrdhvam ucyate brahma avyaktaṃ māyāśaktimat, tat mūlam asya — jad "upar": kaal mein sookshm, kaaran, nitya, mahaan — maaya-shakti yukt avyakt brahm; pramaan Katha; "ashvattha" — na śvo'pi sthātā (kal tak bhi na tikne wala) paramparik vyutpatti.
Aacharya Ramanuja. yaṃ saṃsārākhyam aśvattham ūrdhvamūlam adhaḥśākham avyayaṃ prāhuḥ śrutayaḥ — jise shrutiyaan sansaar-roopi ashvattha kehti hain; saptalokopari niviṣṭacaturmukhādi… — jad = saat lokon ke upar sthit chaturmukh Brahma.
Shreedhar Swami. Adhyaay ka uddeshya ek shlok mein: vairāgyeṇa vinā jñānaṃ na ca bhaktir ataḥ sphuṭam, vairāgyopaskṛtaṃ jñānam īśaḥ pañcadaśe 'diśat — vairaagya ke bina na gyaan, na bhakti; isliye pandrahve adhyaay mein Bhagavan ne vairaagya-yukt gyaan diya. Unke liye "upar ki jad" = uttamaḥ kṣarākṣarābhyām utkṛṣṭaḥ puruṣottamo mūlaṃ — Purushottam hi jad.
Madhusoodan Saraswati. Is adhyaay ko 14.27 (brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham) ki vṛttisthānīya — vyakhya maante hain: woh sootra tha, yeh adhyaay uski vritti.
Madhvacharya. "Ashvattha" ki vyutpatti: śvo 'py ekaprakāreṇa na tiṣṭhatīty aśvatthaḥ — jo kal tak bhi ek roop mein na tike; phir bhi na pravāhavyayaḥ — pravaah ka naash nahin. Aur Ved patte kyon: na hi kadācid apy ajāte parṇe phalotpattiḥ — patte ke bina phal nahin aata.