Bhagavad Gita · Sankhya YogaAdhyaay 2, Shloka 11 (2.11)
Mool Sanskrit · श्रीभगवान्
श्रीभगवानुवाच
अशोच्यानन्वशोचस्त्वं प्रज्ञावादांश्च भाषसे
गतासूनगतासूंश्च नानुशोचन्ति पण्डिताः
॥ 2.11 ॥
aśocyānanvaśocastvaṃ prajñāvādāṃśca bhāṣase
gatāsūnagatāsūṃśca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ
Anuvaad
"Shri Bhagavan ne kaha: Tum unke liye shok kar rahe ho jo shok ke yogya nahin, aur saath hi gyaaniyon jaisi baatein bhi kar rahe ho. Sachche gyaani na mare hue ke liye shok karte hain, na jeevit ke liye."
Bhaavaarth
Pehla vaakya — ek virodhaabhaas. Krishna Arjuna ke andar ek virodh dikhate hain: tum shok bhi kar rahe ho, aur gyaan ki baatein bhi. Shankaracharya: "tum moodhata aur paandity — dono viruddh cheezein ek saath apne andar dikhaa rahe ho, jaise koi unmatt (bauraaya) vyakti."
"Prajñāvādān" — kaunsi baatein? Ramanuja spasht karte hain: Arjuna ki "pitaro patanti" (1.42) jaisi baatein — jo shareer se alag aatma aur parlok ke gyaan par aadharit hain. Yaani Arjuna ek taraf maante hain ki aatma shareer ke baad bhi rehti hai (pitron ka patan), aur doosri taraf shareeron ke naash par shok karte hain. Yeh virodh hai.
Kiske liye shok nahin? Gatāsūn agatāsūṃś ca — mare hue aur jeevit, dono ke liye. Ramanuja yahaan ek sookshm pathan dete hain: gatāsu = shareer (jo praan-heen, jad hain), agatāsu = aatmaayein — jo dono ka svabhaav jaanta hai, woh kisi ke liye shok nahin karta. Shankaracharya: Bhishma, Drona aadi shok ke yogya nahin — apne sadaachaar ke kaaran, aur paramaarthik roop se nitya hone ke kaaran.
Kya Krishna kathor hain? Upar se lagta hai Krishna dukh ko nakaar rahe hain. Lekin unka uddeshya Arjuna ko kaaran dikhana hai: tumhara dukh ek galat samajh par tika hai. Agle shlok woh samajh sudhaarenge.