Bhagavad Gita · Sankhya YogaAdhyaay 2, Shloka 19 (2.19)
Mool Sanskrit · श्रीभगवान्
य एनं वेत्ति हन्तारं यश्चैनं मन्यते हतम्
उभौ तौ न विजानीतो नायं हन्ति न हन्यते
॥ 2.19 ॥
ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ yaścainaṃ manyate hatam
ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate
Anuvaad
"Jo is (aatma) ko maarne wala samajhta hai, aur jo ise mara hua maanta hai — ve dono hi (sach) nahin jaante. Yeh na maarti hai, na maari jaati hai."
Bhaavaarth
Do galat dhaarnaayein. Krishna do prakaar ke logon ki baat karte hain: (1) jo sochta hai "main maarne wala hoon", aur (2) jo sochta hai "main / yeh mara gaya". Shankaracharya: dono shareer ke maare jaane se aatma ko maarne wala ya mara hua maan lete hain — yeh aatma ke svaroop ka agyaan hai.
"Nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate" — na maarti, na maari jaati. Aatma na kartaa hai (maarne ki), na karm (maare jaane ki).
Paramparaon ka zaroori antar:
- Shankaracharya: Aatma avikriya (kriya-heen) hai — isliye na hanan-kriya ki kartaa, na karm. Shankara is prakaran (2.19–2.21) ko vidvaan ke liye sarva-karma-pratishedh — yaani aatma-gyaani ke liye sabhi karmon ke tyaag — ki or le jaate hain (2.21 dekhein).
- Ramanuja: Aatma nitya hai, isliye uska naash nahin hota. Ramanuja ek sookshm baat kehte hain: "hanti" dhaatu yahaan shareer-viyog karaane ka arth deti hai. Isliye "na hiṃsyāt sarvā bhūtāni" ("kisi praani ki hinsa na karo") jaise shaastra-vaakya ka arth hai — avaidhaanik roop se shareer-viyog na karaao. Yaani Ramanuja ke anusaar hinsa-nishedh khatam nahin hota; bas aatma ka naash asambhav hai.
Sandarbh se kaatne ka khatra. "Na hanti na hanyate" itihaas mein aksar galat tarah uddhrit hua hai — jaise yeh kisi bhi hinsa ko "asal mein kuch nahin" kehne ki chhoot ho. Ramanuja ka pathan spasht dikhata hai ki paramparik vyakhya mein bhi aisa nahin hai.