Bhagavad Gita · Sankhya YogaAdhyaay 2, Shloka 21 (2.21)
Mool Sanskrit · श्रीभगवान्
वेदाविनाशिनं नित्यं य एनमजमव्ययम्
कथं स पुरुषः पार्थ कं घातयति हन्ति कम्
॥ 2.21 ॥
vedāvināśinaṃ nityaṃ ya enamajamavyayam
kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ pārtha kaṃ ghātayati hanti kam
Anuvaad
"He Partha! Jo vyakti is (aatma) ko avinaashi, nitya, ajanma aur avyay jaanta hai — woh kaise kisi ko maarega, ya kisi ko marwaayega?"
Bhaavaarth
Do kriyaayein — maarna aur marwaana. Arjuna ko sirf apne maarne ka dukh nahin tha; woh senapatiyon mein se ek the — unke aadesh par doosre bhi maarte. Isliye Krishna dono kehte hain: hanti (khud maarna) aur ghātayati (doosre se marwaana).
Prashn ki shaili — "katham". Shankaracharya kehte hain ki yahaan "kaise" asal prashn nahin, aakshep (nishedh) hai: "kaise maarega? — kisi bhi tarah nahin."
Paramparaon ka bada antar — is shloka ka nishkarsh kya hai?
- Advaita (Shankara): Shankaracharya ke anusaar is prakaran ka mukhya uddeshya hai — viduṣaḥ sarva-karma-pratiṣedhaḥ — aatma-gyaani ke liye sabhi karmon ka nishedh. "Maarna" sirf ek udaharan hai. Kyunki aatma avikriya hai, jo use jaanta hai woh kisi karm ka kartaa nahin hota; isliye gyaani sannyas (karm-tyaag) ka adhikaari hai. Arjuna (jo abhi gyaani nahin) ke liye karm-yoga ka updesh aage (2.39 se) hai.
- Vishishtadvaita (Ramanuja): Ramanuja kehte hain ki jo aatma ki nityata jaanta hai, woh "main inhe maar raha hoon" kehkar shok nahin karta — yeh shok aatma ke yathaarth svaroop ke agyaan se hai. Ramanuja jodte hain ki yuddh mein shareer-viyog hota hai, lekin dharma-yuddh mein shareer tyaagne walon ko shaastra ke anusaar behtar shareer milta hai (2.22 par) — isliye shok ka kaaran nahin. Yaani Ramanuja ke liye nishkarsh karm-tyaag nahin, shok-tyaag aur sahi bhaav se kartavya hai.
Yeh antar Gita ki vyakhya ka ek kendriya prashn hai — "gyaan ke baad karm rehta hai ya nahin?"