Bhagavad Gita · Sankhya YogaAdhyaay 2, Shloka 45 (2.45)
Mool Sanskrit · श्रीभगवान्
त्रैगुण्यविषया वेदा निस्त्रैगुण्यो भवार्जुन
निर्द्वन्द्वो नित्यसत्त्वस्थो निर्योगक्षेम आत्मवान्
॥ 2.45 ॥
traiguṇyaviṣayā vedā nistraiguṇyo bhavārjuna
nirdvandvo nityasattvastho niryogakṣema ātmavān
Anuvaad
"He Arjuna! Ved teen gunon ke kshetra ki baat karte hain; tum teen gunon se oopar utho — dvandvon se mukt, sada sattva mein sthit, paane aur bachaane ki chinta se mukt, aur aatma mein sthit bano."
Bhaavaarth
"Traiguṇya-viṣayā vedāḥ" — Ved teen gunon ki baat karte hain. Yeh vaakya sabse zyaada galat samjha jaata hai. Do paramparik pathan:
- Shankaracharya: traiguṇya = sansaar; Ved (karm-kaand bhaag) sansaar (teen gunon ka kshetra) ko prakat karne wale vishay rakhte hain. "Nistraiguṇya bano" = niṣkāmo bhava — nishkaam bano.
- Ramanuja — ek komal pathan: Traiguṇya = sattva, rajas, tamas pradhan log. Ved atyant vatsalta (prem) se teeno prakaar ke logon ko unke svabhaav ke anusaar hit ka gyaan dete hain. Agar Ved rajas-tamas pradhan logon ko unke gunon ke anuroop svarg aadi ke saadhan na batate, to ve sahi upaay na jaan kar, kaamana ke vash galat raaston par chal kar nasht ho jaate. Isliye Ved sabke liye hain — lekin tum, Arjuna, nitya-sattva-stha bano, moksha ko lakshya banao.
Yaani dono pathan mein Ved ki ninda nahin — Arjuna ko ooncha star apnaane ka aahvaan hai.
Paanch nirdesh:
- Nistraiguṇya — gunon se oopar (Shankara: nishkaam).
- Nirdvandva — sukh-dukh jaise dvandvon se mukt.
- Nitya-sattva-stha — sada sattva (spashtata, shaanti) mein sthit.
- Niryogakṣema — paane aur bachaane ki chinta se mukt. Shankaracharya: yog-kshem mein doobe vyakti ke liye shreya ke maarg mein chalna kathin hai.
- Ātmavān — aatma mein sthit, apramatt (sajag).