Bhagavad Gita · Karma YogaAdhyaay 3, Shloka 3 (3.3)
Mool Sanskrit · श्रीभगवान्
श्रीभगवानुवाच
लोकेऽस्मिन् द्विविधा निष्ठा पुरा प्रोक्ता मयाऽनघ
ज्ञानयोगेन साङ्ख्यानां कर्मयोगेन योगिनाम्
॥ 3.3 ॥
loke'smin dvividhā niṣṭhā purā proktā mayā'nagha
jñānayogena sāṅkhyānāṃ karmayogena yoginām
Anuvaad
"Shri Bhagavan ne kaha: He nishpaap Arjuna! Is lok mein do prakaar ki nishtha (jeevan-maarg) maine pehle kahi hai — saankhyon (gyaaniyon) ki gyaan-yoga se, aur yogiyon ki karm-yoga se."
Bhaavaarth
Do nishthaayein. Niṣṭhā = jis mein vyakti sthir roop se laga rahe — jeevan ka mukhya maarg.
- Jñāna-yoga — sāṅkhyas ke liye: aatma-anaatma ka vivek rakhne wale.
- Karma-yoga — yogins ke liye: phal-aasakti chhod kar karm karne wale.
Shankaracharya — do alag adhikaari. Gyaan-yoga un saankhyon ke liye hai jo aatma-anaatma vivek-gyaan wale, brahmacarya-āśramād eva kṛta-saṃnyāsānām — brahmacharya se hi sannyaas lene wale, Brahman mein sthit paramahansa sannyaasi hain; karma-yoga karmins ke liye. Aur woh nishkarsh nikaalte hain: tasmāt kayāpi yuktyā na samuccayo jñāna-karmaṇoḥ — kisi bhi yukti se gyaan aur karm ka samuccaya nahin. Agar dono ek hi vyakti ke liye ek saath hote, to Bhagavan unhe alag-alag logon ke liye kyon kehte? Shankara is shloka ki tika mein in nishthaaon ko shaastra mein adhikaari traivarṇika (teen varnon) ke liye bataate hain — yeh unke samay ki shaastreeya rooprekha hai ().
Aacharya Ramanuja — yogyata ke anusaar, aur kram se. Do nishthaayein yathādhikāram asaṅkīrṇā — adhikaar ke anusaar, bina mishran ke kahi gayi. Har saadhaaran vyakti moksha ki ichchha jaagte hi gyaan-yoga ka adhikaari nahin ho jaata. Pehle phal-ichchha-rahit, Bhagavan ki aaraadhana roop karm se man ka mail dhulta hai, indriyaan shaant hoti hain; tab gyaan-nishtha ka adhikaar aata hai. Woh 18.46 uddhrit karte hain — svakarmaṇā tam abhyarcya siddhiṃ vindati mānavaḥ — apne karm se usi ki pooja karke manushya siddhi paata hai. Ramanuja ke anusaar: viṣaya-vyākula-buddhi (vishayon se vyaakul buddhi) waalon ke liye karma-yoga, avyākula-buddhi waalon ke liye gyaan-yoga — "isme kuchh bhi virodhi ya mishrit nahin".