Bhagavad Gita · Sankhya YogaAdhyaay 2, Shloka 50 (2.50)
Mool Sanskrit · श्रीभगवान्
बुद्धियुक्तो जहातीह उभे सुकृतदुष्कृते
तस्माद् योगाय युज्यस्व योगः कर्मसु कौशलम्
॥ 2.50 ॥
buddhiyukto jahātīha ubhe sukṛtaduṣkṛte
tasmād yogāya yujyasva yogaḥ karmasu kauśalam
Anuvaad
"Samata-buddhi se yukt vyakti isi jeevan mein punya aur paap — dono (ke bandhan) ko chhod deta hai. Isliye yoga ke liye jud jaao; karmon mein kaushal hi yoga hai."
Bhaavaarth
Punya bhi bandhan? Shloka kehta hai buddhi-yukt vyakti dono — sukrit (punya) aur dushkrit (paap) — chhod deta hai. Kyon punya bhi? Kyunki punya bhi phal deta hai (svarg, sukh), aur phal phir naye janm/bandhan ka kaaran banta hai — "sone ki zanjeer bhi zanjeer hai". Shankaracharya: sattva-shuddhi aur gyaan-praapti ke dwara punya-paap chhoot-te hain. Ramanuja: anaadi kaal se sanchit, anant, bandhan ke kaaran punya-paap.
"Yogaḥ karmasu kauśalam" — karm mein kaushal hi yoga hai. Yeh Gita ka bahut prasiddh vaakya hai (aaj kai sansthaon ka motto bhi). Lekin "kaushal" ka arth sirf "skill / efficiency" nahin:
- Shankaracharya: Kaushal yeh hai ki svadharma ke karmon mein lage vyakti ki siddhi-asiddhi mein samata-buddhi, Ishvara-arpit chitt ke saath — jisse svabhaav se bandhan dene wale karm bhi samata-buddhi se apna bandhan-svabhaav chhod dete hain. Yaani kaushal = karm ko bandhan-rahit bana dene ki kala.
- Ramanuja: Karm karte hue yeh buddhi-yoga kaushal hai — ati-saamarthya (bahut badi kshamata) — yaani yeh buddhi-yoga bahut sadhe hue saamarthya se praapt hota hai.
Aaj ka arth. "Skill in action" ka aadhunik arth — kaam ko achchhi tarah karna — bhi isme samaata hai; lekin Gita ka gehra arth hai: kaam aise karna ki woh aapko na baandhe.